Biochemical transmutation in Lumbricus terrestris and phytoextraction of heavy metals from the swamp of Challawa industrial layout, Kano, Nigeria

Abstract Discharge of untreated industrial effluents has been associated with soil contamination. Biochemical alterations in Lumbricus terrestris and remediation capacity Azadirachta indica tree from effluent discharge locations Challawa (A B) Kura village (control location C) were assessed. Levels nitrate, phosphate, iron, chloride, hardness at A B significantly ( p < 0.05) higher than those C, but their sulfate concentrations weaker. pH magnesium concentration C. Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb Mn soils the (AIT) had a translocation factor (TF) > 1 for while its biological (BCF) was Fe. Values accumulation coefficient (BAC) AIT contamination (CF) metals. Bioindicators oxidative stress (MDA, GST, CAT SOD) earthworm supernatants compared to that GSH levels lower. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity lower comparison control. Trends results revealed may be useful extraction stabilization heavy metals polluted soils. Also, biochemical L. serve as sensitive bioindicators